Soil science is the scientific study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the earth. It includes the study of soil formation, classification, mapping, fertility, biology, and the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. Soil scientists analyze, interpret, and evaluate soil properties to understand how soil affects plant growth, water quality, and environmental sustainability. They work to improve soil management practices, crop productivity, and environmental conservation efforts. Soil science plays a crucial role in agriculture, environmental science, and land use planning.